The Socio-economic Status of Women and Marital Fertility in Post-war Japan : Effects of Education, Employment and Family Structure on Parity Transitions(International Session(2))

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  • The socio-economic status of women and marital fertility in post-war Japan: effects of education, employment and family structure on parity transitions

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In Japan where almost all births have been taking place in wedlock, fertility decline in the last few decades has been mainly associated with the increasing proportion of non-married women of reproductive age. Recent studies on Japanese fertility, however, increasingly focus on the new trend of fertility change, decline in marital fertility. This study investigates the effects of women's socio-economic status as measured by educational attainment and labor force participation on the first, second and third birth intensities in post-war Japan. The parity transitions from 1956 to 2001 are analyzed by employing multi-variate event-history analysis. The data I used is the National Family Research of Japan 2001 Special (NFRJ-S01), a nationally representative survey on the life course of Japanese women. The effect of the childcare support provided by grandparents who live with or close to children is also examined as an important factor in reducing the cost of children and bearing wives' duties of childcare in Japanese society. By using a rich dataset in women's life histories, we reveal the mechanism of the change in marital fertility relating to the rise in women's socio-economic statuses in the last half of the 20th century in Japan.

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